Apart from Topt and Tob, the non-boldfaced Roman letter(s) represent cover terms for what are ultimately expanded to Maori phoneme strings.

We say sorrysorrysorry to make sure we are: / So pai say, we have to repeat two, three times; ..

My other name's Bill, he said. I was christened Bill but Mr Thursgood calls me William. / Bill, eh. The unpaid Bill. Anyone ever call you that? / No, sir. / Good name, anyway. / Yes, sir. / Known a lot of Bills. They've all been good 'uns.

Some of these properties are largely matrix dependent, and can be measured by the methods commonly used for conventional concrete, for example, compressive strength and freeze-thaw durability.