Last Updated：2022/12/24
The measurements were taken as follows: wing length, from the carpal joint to the tip of the longest primary; tarsus length, from the tibiotarsal joint to the distal undivided scute; upper mandible length, the chord length from the point where the culmen enters the feathers of the head to the tip; bill depth, in the vertical plane level at the anterior edge of the nares.
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The
measurements
were
taken
as
follows:
wing
length,
from
the
carpal
joint
to
the
tip
of
the
longest
primary;
tarsus
length,
from
the
tibiotarsal
joint
to
the
distal
undivided
scute;
upper
mandible
length,
the
chord
length
from
the
point
where
the
culmen
enters
the
feathers
of
the
head
to
the
tip;
bill
depth,
in
the
vertical
plane
level
at
the
anterior
edge
of
the
nares.
