Option two, as above, involves systematic causal overdetermination.

A sullen gloom and furious disorder prevailed by fits.

How I want thee, hum'rous Hogarth! / Thou, I hear, a pleaſant Rogue art; / […] / Draw the Beaſts as I deſcribe them, / From their Features, while I gibe them.

The uncertainty of the job market has a new meaning for Ph.D’s these days: Prospects Highly Depressing.