Some reptiles and insects are phaneroglossal.

Point (1) seems to imply that one may have a false judgement because of a mismatch between different criteria for truth. For example, my sensation is paired with a prolepsis of a horse, therefore I make an assertion that ‘there is a horse’, which upon further inspection may turn out to be a cow.

So much for Norman blood unaided by Victorian lucre.

I'm popping out for a gasp.