Many are impressed by the fact that climate models can retrodict climatic change—that is, use past climatic data (say, from the 1860s) to predict climatic data from the less-distant past (say, from the 1920s). They should not be.

GAGE, a small quantity of anything; as “a gage of tobacco,” meaning a. pipeful; “a gage of gin,” a glassful.

Sure, ammonoid shells as a whole got progressively more coiled over the Devonian. But so did the tiniest part of each ammonoid shell, the ammonitella.

Nor did they consult with outside persons in religious studies, sociology of religion, or psychology of religion.