This is causing a reenvisagement of the whole problem and the rearrangement of our whole experimental program.

Castration of bulls was a socialization process that turned a bull into an ox; in this transformation something wild became something very useful; nature became culture.

All the ships of the sea, with their mariners, were in thee to occupy the merchandise.

The leading poets of Parnassianism, like Machado, were utterly respectable and middle classs, good family men; many were bureaucrats, and they were proud that they had freed poets from the obligation to wear their hair long (Bilac, in Broca, 1960:7). Symbolism was enormously influential in almost every other Western culture; it never had a chance in Brazil, in a literary world dominated by Parnassianism and its disciples.