Southern Mongolia

LIBERATION CAMPAIGN IN SOUTHERN MONGOLIA BY NORTHERN MONGOLIA IN 1913

After concluding the Russo-Mongolian agreement on 5 November 1912 and the Mongolian-Tibetan agreement on 29 December 1912 (see Appendix pp. ) the Mongolian government felt the time was right for Khalkh to take military action to liberate Southern Mongolia and thus establish a united Greater Mongolia.…The following day, the government decided to send five columns of soldiers to places in Southern Mongolia- Chuulalt Khaalga (Kalgan), Bat Khaalga ([Pailingmiao], about 100 miles north west of Khökh Khot), Bugat ([Paotou], about 90 miles west of Khökh Khot) Doloon-noor and Khökh Khot.