handicap principle

Proper noun

A hypothesis attempting to explain how evolution may lead to "honest" or reliable signalling between animals which have an obvious motivation to bluff or deceive each other. It suggests that costly signals must be reliable, costing the signaller something that could not be afforded by an individual with less of a particular trait.

Japanese Meaning

ハンディキャップ原理：進化の過程で、動物同士が互いにブロフや欺瞞を行う動機を持つ中で、信頼できる（誠実な）シグナルが伝達される仕組みを説明するための仮説。すなわち、シグナルを発する際に高いコスト（ハンディキャップ）を伴うことで、信号が信頼性を持つとされる考え方。