Last Updated:2025/12/02

In the path integral formalism, Faddeev-Popov ghosts cancel unphysical degrees of freedom, ensuring gauge invariance at the quantum level.

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In the path integral formalism, Faddeev-Popov ghosts cancel unphysical degrees of freedom, ensuring gauge invariance at the quantum level.

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経路積分形式において、ファデエフ=ポポフのゴースト場は非物理的な自由度を打ち消し、量子レベルでのゲージ不変性を確保する。

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