Last Updated：2025/11/29
Researchers often use monadic second-order logic, a formal deductive system that extends first-order logic by enabling quantification over unary predicates, to express graph properties that are inexpressible in first-order logic.
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Researchers often use monadic second-order logic, a formal deductive system that extends first-order logic by enabling quantification over unary predicates, to express graph properties that are inexpressible in first-order logic.
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研究者はしばしば、一階述語論理を拡張して個体の一項述語に対する量化を可能にする形式的推論体系（単項二階述語論理）を用いて、一階述語論理では表現できないグラフの性質を記述する。
