Last Updated:2025/11/28

In bosonic string theory, the no-ghost theorem ensures that physical states have positive norm, resolving concerns about negative-norm ghosts.

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In bosonic string theory, the no-ghost theorem ensures that physical states have positive norm, resolving concerns about negative-norm ghosts.

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ボソニック弦理論において、ゴダード=ソーンの定理は物理状態のノルムが正であることを保証し、負のノルムを持つゴーストに関する懸念を解消します。

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