P'an-yü

An extended biography of Ch'ü is not called for here, as enough is given in the record. Briefly, he was born about 1629 in the district of P'an-yü, Kuangtung Province, and was a young student when the forces of the Ming collapsed and the Manchu braves and their Chinese and Mongol allies overran the country, occupying Peking in 1644 and Canton in 1650.