Last Updated：2025/11/26

Forced servitude in the form of physically difficult labor, usually as a penal punishment.

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hard labor

Source Word

hard labor

uncountable

Forced servitude in the form of physically difficult labor, usually as a penal punishment.

Japanese Meaning

刑罰として課せられる、肉体的に極めて過酷な労働。

During the 19th century, many convicts were sentenced to hard labor in remote work camps.

19世紀には、多くの囚人が辺鄙な作業キャンプで刑罰としての過酷な労働に処された。

Sense（1）

Forced servitude in the form of physically difficult labor, usually as a penal punishment.