character(68)

ُ

Character
letter

ダンマ(ḍamma): アラビア語の短母音記号の一つで、日本語の「ウ」に近い /u/ の音を表す発音記号。文字の上に小さな「 ُ 」として書かれる。

English Meaning
ḍamma – ضَمَّة (ḍamma) – indicates a short /u/ or its cognates, indicates a long /uː/ if followed by a و (wāw).
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アラビア語の文章を読む際には、単語の正しい発音を保証するために、ḍamma(ُ)を正確に配置することに注意しなければなりません.

When reading the Arabic text, one must pay attention to the careful use of ḍamma (ُ) to ensure the correct pronunciation of the word.

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ا

IPA(Pronunciation)
Character
letter

アラビア語の文字「ا(アリフ)」を指す。通常は子音を持たない長母音 a を表し、しばしばハムザの担い手としても用いられる。

English Meaning
Although usually considered to be the first letter of the Arabic alphabet, the small hamza (ء (ʔ)) that sits on top of أ (ʔ) is really the first letter of the Arabic alphabet, and the tall column is its bearer. This entry only deals with the lower part, the bearer, which is called أَلِف (ʔalif) and, without the hamza, is used to lengthen a preceding a.
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アラビア語の書き方では、母音の後に続く際、文字「ا」(アリフ)が音を伸ばすため、単語に特別な響きを与えます。

In Arabic writing, the letter alif is used to lengthen the sound following vowels, giving words a unique resonance.

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د

IPA(Pronunciation)
Character
letter

アラビア語アルファベットの8番目の文字『د』(ダール)を指す。前は「خ」、後ろは「ذ」。

English Meaning
The eighth letter of the Arabic alphabet. Its name is دَال (dāl), and is preceded by خ (ḵ) and followed by ذ (ḏ).
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アルファベットを学ぶとき、先生は「د」が8番目の文字であり、「خ」の後、「ذ」の前に来ると説明しました。

While learning the alphabet, the teacher explains that 'د' is the eighth letter, coming after 'خ' and before 'ذ'.

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ܜ

IPA(Pronunciation)
Character
letter

ガルシュニ文字でアラビア語の子音 ظ (ẓ) を表す文字

English Meaning
Garshuni spelling of ظ (ẓ)
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古文書では、ẓの音はܜという文字を用いてGarshuni spelling of ظ (ẓ)として書かれていました。

In ancient manuscripts, the sound of ẓ was written using the character ܜ as the Garshuni spelling of ẓ.

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ٍ

Character
letter

アラビア語の母音記号の一つで、カスラにタンウィンが付いた形。「〜in」と発音され、主に古典アラビア語で名詞の属格不定を表す。 / 母音 i を示すカスラ(ـِ)に重ねて付けられる記号で、正式な朗読や書き言葉で現れるが、日常会話では省略されることが多い。

English Meaning
kasra tanwīn (كَسْرَة تَنْوِين) or kasratān (كَسْرَتَان), a nunation (tanwīn (تَنْوِين)) of the vowel i (ـِ - kasra), indicating the genitive case in Classical Arabic. In a non-pausal formal situation it's pronounced as "-in". In dialects, relaxed (less formal) Arabic or in pausa, the pronunciation is either shorted to "-i" or ignored altogether, even when written.
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文法の授業で、先生は名詞の末尾にカスラ・タンウィーンを加えることで属格を示す方法を説明しました。

During the grammar lesson, the teacher explained how the kasra tanwīn is added to the end of nouns to indicate the genitive case.

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۟

Character
letter

文字が無音であることを示すために使用される

English Meaning
used to indicate that a letter is silent
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アラビア語の単語を書くとき、文字 ۟ は発音されない無声音を示すために使われます。

When Arabic words are written, the character ۟ is used to indicate that the silent letter is not pronounced.

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ۜ

Character
letter

息を止めて聖クルアーンを読みながら少し休憩する

English Meaning
A small pause without taking a breath whilst reading the Holy Qur'an
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記号 ۜ は、クルアーンの朗読中に息を継がずに短い一時停止を示すために、スーラの中央に現れます。

The symbol ۜ appears in the middle of the surah to indicate a small pause without taking a breath whilst reading the Holy Qur'an.

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ة

IPA(Pronunciation)
Character
letter

語尾に使われる文字 ت (tāʔ) の異形で、ه (hāʔ) に ت (tāʔ) の2つの重ね点を付け加えた形の文字。主に女性名詞や女性形を表す記号的な役割を持つ。

English Meaning
ة (tāʔ marbūṭa) is a variant of the letter ت (tāʔ) used at the end of words. It is formed from the letter ه (hāʔ) with the addition of the two overdots of ت (tāʔ).
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すべての女性名詞の末尾には、単語に特別な美しさを加える ة が見られます。

At the end of every feminine noun, you find the letter ة which adds a special beauty to the word.

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ّ

Character
letter

シャッダはアラビア語のダイアクリティカルマークで、子音の重子音化(子音の二重化)を示す記号。文字の上に付され、強く発音することを示す。

English Meaning
shadda (شَدَّة (šadda)), indicates a geminate (long, double) consonant.
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タジウィードの授業で、先生は shadda (ّ) が文字の繰り返しで重複を示すために使われていることに気づきました。

In the Tajweed lesson, the teacher noted that the shadda (ّ) is used to emphasize gemination in repeated letters.

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ܔ

IPA(Pronunciation)
Character
letter

ج (j) のガルシュニ語表記

English Meaning
Garshuni spelling of ج (j)
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書きの授業で、アハメドは古い体制において「j」の音を表すガルシューニ文字の描き方を学びました。

In his writing lesson, Ahmed learned how to draw the Garshuni letter that represents the sound j in the ancient system.

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