A model that uses simplified description of behavior of spatially distributed physical system into a topology which consists of discrete entities that approximate the behavior of the distributed system under certain assumptions.

(structural engineering) A model of hysteresis, typically employed to describe nonlinear hysteretic systems.

A model of magnetic hysteresis that enables connection with physical parameters of the magnetic material.

A model of how learners can acquire skills through formal instruction and practicing, used in the fields of education and operations research.