The projection of a joint probability distribution onto one of its component random variables.

(economics) The additional utility to a consumer from an additional unit of an economic good.

(statistics) An expression of the lack of precision in the results obtained from a sample. / An amount, beyond the calculated minimum, added for safety.

A part of ocean partially enclosed by land such as islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas.

The study of the larger world and the place of human society within it.

The ratio of net income to net sales of a company expressed as a percentage.

(finance) Request by a stockbroker or similar for the client to deposit more money in order to cover losses that have built up in open positions held on margin (rather than having been paid for in full).

(economics) The increase in cost that accompanies a unit increase in output; the partial derivative of the cost function with respect to output.

The extra benefit received from a unit increase in the consumption of a good or service. It is calculated as the increase in total benefit divided by the increase in consumption.

(business) The difference between revenue and direct cost, often expressed as the ratio gross margin percent.