The impact energy measured during the Charpy test determines whether a metal will undergo brittle fracture at low temperatures.

Scientists measured the mass energy released during particle annihilation.

The surface energy of the polymer film determines how well it wets the metal substrate.

The ionization energy of helium is significantly higher than that of hydrogen due to its compact electron shell.

The lattice energy of sodium chloride explains its high melting point and the strength of its ionic bonds.

The magnetic energy stored in the coil increased when the current was ramped up.

We measured the interfacial energy between the oil and water phases to predict droplet stability.

At constant temperature and volume, the equilibrium composition of the reaction is found by minimizing the system's free energy A = U − TS.

Researchers measured the luminous energy emitted by the LED to evaluate its efficiency.

Scientists measured the radio energy emitted by the pulsar to study its magnetic field.