Kolmogorov complexity

(Rubik's Cube) An algorithm for solving the Rubik's Cube by dividing the possible cube positions into groups.

(Rubik's Cube) An algorithm for solving the Rubik's Cube, an improvement on Thistlethwaite's algorithm.

(Rubik's Cube) An algorithm for solving the Rubik's Cube by iterative deepening.

(combination puzzles) An optimal algorithm that finds the solution with the fewest moves.

Euclidean algorithm

A pattern-matching algorithm for implementing production rule systems, used to determine which of the system's rules should fire based on its data store.

(mathematics) An iterative algorithm used to find simple approximations to functions, specifically, approximations by functions in a Chebyshev space that are the best in the uniform norm L_∞ sense.

(computing theory) A fast multiplication algorithm that reduces the multiplication of two n-digit numbers to at most n^(log ₂₃)≈n^(1.585) single-digit multiplications.

(computer graphics) A simple rendering technique that sorts all the polygons in a scene by their depth and then paints them in that order, from farthest to closest.