The standard and literary variety of Arabic used in writing and in formal speech in the Arab world since c. the 19th century.

Alternative form of Shatt al-Arab

A river in Southwest Iraq, formed by the confluence of the Euphrates and the Tigris; the southern end of the river constitutes the border between Iraq and Iran down to the mouth of the river as it discharges into the Persian Gulf.

The army of Syria.

A variety of Arabic spoken in Upper Egypt. Language code: aec.

A language of the Middle East, native to Iraq (Mesopotamia), Syria, Turkey, Iran, Kuwait, Jordan, and parts of northern and eastern Arabia. Language code: ayp.

Synonym of Arabic numeral

plural of Hindu-Arabic numeral

A country in North Africa, a partially recognised state in Western Sahara. Abbreviation: SADR

(history) Libya from the late 1970s to 2011.